Eating a balanced, healthy diet full of real foods can help manage gestational diabetes. “I tell my patients, ‘No naked carbs,’” Miller says. Linking protein and healthy fats with the carbohydrates will help reduce blood sugar spikes and crashes. Specifically, Miller recommends a gestational diabetes diet of low to moderate ...Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don’t already have diabetes. Every year, 2% to 10% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by gestational diabetes. Managing gestational diabetes will help make sure you have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.Clearly, those in the prenatal nutrition industry have noticed that the conventional gestational diabetes diet doesn’t offer the results they’re looking for and are ready to think outside of the box. Bravo! 3. Finally, I’m very happy to announce the Real Food for Gestational Diabetes Course is growing quickly. Healthy eating for gestational diabetes includes choosing the right type, and portion size of carbohydrate foods as well as spreading them across the day. Foods with carbohydrate …Real Food for Gestational Diabetes: An Effective Alternative to the Conventional Nutrition Approach download free of book in format PDF #book #readonline #ebook #pdf #kindle #epub #downloadbook #book #readonline #readbookonline #ebookcollection #ebookdownload #pdf #ebook #epub #kindleHere are foods to incorporate in your gestational diabetes diet that include high protein foods, healthy fats, fiber rich carbohydrates, and vegetables. Whole grains (examples: …Real food dietitian/nutritionist, author and researcher serving up REAL FOOD nutrition tips and wisdom on prenatal nutrition & gestational diabetes.Nov 1, 2018 · Gestational diabetes is treated through three basic methods: 1. a healthy carb-conscious diet. 2. exercise. 3. medication or insulin. Diet and exercise are the best treatments for a few reasons: 1. they’re natural. 2. they allow you stay in control of what happens to your body. Of course, my book, Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, does walk you through this, and I intentionally wrote that book with as simple language as possible to just kind of cut through all the noise so you can focus on what actually matters and not get distracted by a bunch of extraneous details, so that can certainly be helpful. But there is ...Healthy eating for gestational diabetes includes choosing the right type, and portion size of carbohydrate foods as well as spreading them across the day. Foods with carbohydrate …The Real Food for Gestational Diabetes Online Course explores the nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle changes to help you manage your gestational diabetes, naturally. This course provides up-to-date information that’s commonly left out of conventional gestational diabetes care, including: which real foods to emphasize for a healthy baby ( some ... Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...Understanding your diet and eating healthily is an important part of your treatment for gestational diabetes. It'll help you keep your blood sugar levels in the safe range so you’re more likely to enjoy a healthy pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby. If you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes you should be referred to a dietitian for individual …Every day, eat the number of servings/choices of food shown below. Talk to a ... Eat 100% whole grains. Avoid cold breakfast cereals. Avoid instant rice ...Gestational diabetes occurs when hormones from the placenta block the effect of insulin, preventing the body from regulating the increased blood sugar of pregnancy effectively. This causes hyperglycemia (or high levels of sugar in the blood), which can damage the nerves, blood vessels and organs in your body when left unmanaged.In Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, prenatal nutritionist and diabetes educator, Lily Nichols, RDN, CDE, CLT, sets the record straight, offering revamped carbohydrate recommendations and exercise guidelines based on the latest clinical research. You can have gestational diabetes and have a healthy baby. Lily will show you how.Brush the aubergine slices lightly with oil and place on a hot griddle pan for 1-2 mins on each side, until the slices are charred. Add the lemon zest, shredded basil leaves and crushed chillies into a bowl. Slice the halloumi into finger-sized sticks and add to the bowl. Toss gently to coat the halloumi sticks.Oct 25, 2020 ... In Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, prenatal nutritionist and diabetes educator, Lily Nichols, RDN, CDE, CLT, sets the record straight ...Real Food For Pregnancy should find its way into every medical school and prenatal clinic. Lily Nichols’ first book, Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, is a staple in my teaching here at West Virginia University and has shifted how many in our department view nutrition. Her second book is encyclopedic; it’s amazingly well-referenced and ... Whenever possible, remember: • Cook food at home. • Eat whole foods. • Limit or avoid highly processed foods. • Pack your own lunch. We find eating ...I’ve devoted my career to researching real food nutrition for pregnancy and gestational diabetes. What I uncovered is a wide gap between current prenatal guidelines and what’s optimal for both mother and baby. In Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, prenatal nutritionist and diabetes educator, Dr. Ana Palmer RDN, CDE, CLT, sets the record straight, offering revamped carbohydrate recommendations and exercise guidelines based on the latest clinical research. You can have gestational diabetes and have a healthy baby. Ana will show you how. Through her research of the literature and her applied clinical experience with pregnant women, including women with gestational diabetes, Lily has evolved to ...The good news is that gestational diabetes is treatable. Food can directly affect blood sugar levels. Because of this, a healthy, balanced diet can help control blood sugar levels and manage …Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...Aug 4, 2021 · Ground turkey – 1.7 mg. Chicken thighs – 1.2 mg. Chicken breast – 0.9 mg. Wild salmon – 0.5 mg. The requirement for iron during pregnancy is 27 mg per day, so you can put the above list in perspective. Women who consume a plant-based diet should consider taking an iron supplement. Drawing from the current scientific literature and the wisdom of traditional cultures, her work is known for being research-focused, thorough, and sensible. Her bestselling book, Real Food for Gestational Diabetes (and online course of the same name), presents a revolutionary nutrient-dense, lower carb diet for managing gestational diabetes ... There are some foods you should avoid when you’re pregnant, including raw shellfish. The NHS have more information about what foods to avoid or take care with when you’re …Healthy eating for gestational diabetes includes choosing the right type, and portion size of carbohydrate foods as well as spreading them across the day. Foods ...Arrives by Fri, Oct 6 Buy Real Food for Gestational Diabetes : An Effective Alternative to the Conventional Nutrition Approach (Paperback) at Walmart.comBut only you know what you can handle. *Same with the Sausage Flatbread Quesadilla. It made the list because some moms can go up to 30g carbs for breakfast and it has a 2 to 1 ratio of carbs to protein which is usually safe. The Mtn Dew Kickstart Orange Citrus is only 18 carbs but it didn't make the list because it's a liquid, and it's breakfast.Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don’t already have diabetes. Every year, 2% to 10% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by gestational diabetes. Managing gestational diabetes will help make sure you have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. Real Food For Gestational Diabetes: The Ultimate Delicious Recipes to Help Manage Mellitus Diabetes, Gain Energy and Support Your Growing Baby [Palmer, Dr. Ana] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Real Food For Gestational Diabetes: The Ultimate Delicious Recipes to Help Manage Mellitus Diabetes, Gain …I never ate a super high carb diet before this diagnosis and am struggling to get myself to eat 15 carbs/snack (4x/day) and 35/meal (3x/day) I’m reading Lily Nichols Real Food for Gestational Diabetes and it’s making me feel better about not having as many carbs as recommended by my dietitian.View Recipe. Garlicky kale and creamy white beans elevate simple canned tomato soup into a 10-minute lunch or dinner that really satisfies. Use a soup with tomato pieces for a heartier texture. Look for a brand that's low- or reduced-sodium, with no more than 450 mg sodium per serving. 18 of 23.Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...In this episode, we sat down with Lily Nichols, RDN, the author of Real Food for Pregnancy and Real Food for Gestational Diabetes. Lily is an expert in prenatal nutrition and …The diet for women with gestational diabetes is purposely divided up into 3 meals and 3 snacks per day, in order to try to keep blood sugars levels from rising too high. The reason for this is as follows. If you eat simply 1 large meal a day, your pancreas has to produce a lot of insulin all at once to cover that large meal.Real Food for Gestational Diabetes outlines the evidence behind a lower carb, low glycemic diet focused on real food (a far cry from current standards that push a minimum of 175g of carbohydrates per day). This book is intentionally written in an easy-to-read style, however it also includes fully referenced sections on nutrient-dense foods, the ...Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...Plain yoghurt, Greek yoghurt or plain soya yoghurt with apples or pears and nuts or seeds. If you are choosing low-fat yoghurt, check the sugar content. A ...Here were my goals. Please don’t comment telling me they are too low These worked for me, and I have a very healthy baby. Again – everyone should work with their provider. Breakfast: 15-30 grams of carbs. Snack #1: 15-20 grams of carbs. Lunch: 30-40 grams of carbs. Snack #2: 15-20 grams of carbs.Arrives by Fri, Oct 6 Buy Real Food for Gestational Diabetes : An Effective Alternative to the Conventional Nutrition Approach (Paperback) at Walmart.comThe incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has significantly increased in the USA over the last decade [1•].GDM is the most prevalent complication …Diabetes Mellitus. People who are diabetic (including gestational diabetics) have a problem with the way the body removes glucose from the blood. There are two problems that may occur in a diabetic’s body:. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin to keep up with the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.; The cells of the body …In Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, prenatal nutritionist and diabetes educator, Lily Nichols, RDN, CDE, CLT, sets the record straight, offering revamped carbohydrate recommendations and exercise guidelines based on the latest clinical research. You can have gestational diabetes and have a healthy baby. Lily will show you how. With over 100 easy-to-follow recipes, "Real Food for Gestational Diabetes" offers a variety of meals and snacks to help you meet your nutritional needs during pregnancy. From savory breakfast dishes like egg and vegetable scramble to satisfying lunch options like chicken and avocado salad, to flavorful dinners like roasted salmon …Her book, Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, (and online course of the same name), presents a revolutionary nutrient-dense, lower carb diet for GDM. Her ...Healthy eating for gestational diabetes includes choosing the right type, and portion size of carbohydrate foods as well as spreading them across the day. Foods with carbohydrate …May 8, 2023 · "Real Food for Gestational Diabetes" is the ultimate guide for expectant mothers who are struggling with gestational diabetes. This book offers a fresh perspective on managing gestational diabetes through wholesome, nutritious, and delicious real foods. Then fill one quarter with protein foods like lean beef, poultry, fish, eggs, or legumes. Fill the remaining quarter of your plate with carbohydrate or starchy foods, such as whole-grain bread or pasta, brown or wild rice, potatoes, fruit, yogurt, or milk. For your beverage, choose water or another zero-calorie drink.The good news is that gestational diabetes is treatable. Food can directly affect blood sugar levels. Because of this, a healthy, balanced diet can help control blood sugar levels and manage …((Read_[PDF])) Real Food for Gestational Diabetes: An Effective Alternative to the Conventional. Nutrition Approach Full Book ((Read_[PDF])) Real. Food for Gestational. Diabetes: An Effective. Alternative to the. Conventional. Nutrition Approach. Full Book. Description. At last, a book that challenges the outdated conventional gestational ...Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ... Choose a wholegrain bread and make sure eggs are cooked through. 11. Breakfast Burrito. A wholegrain wrap filled with scrambled eggs and vegetables such as spinach, tomato and onion and a little cheese makes a filling and delicious breakfast which is ideal for gestational diabetes. 12.Jan 11, 2024 ... Opt for Complex Carbohydrates: Simple carbs like white bread, traditional pasta, cookies, cakes, chips, and candy are quickly broken down and ...Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers a proven alternative to the conventional gestational diabetes diet. Learn why mamas and doctors are recommending... An effective alternative to the conventional nutrition approach | Free video series | Bestselling book | …Gestational diabetes is treated through three basic methods: 1. a healthy carb-conscious diet. 2. exercise. 3. medication or insulin. Diet and exercise are the best treatments for a few reasons: 1. they’re natural. 2. they allow you stay in control of what happens to your body.Pro Gestational Log Real Food Less Fuss Lauren Parsons.2016 This book will change your life, transforming the way you feel by making it incredibly easy to plan, shop, cook and eat well for life. ... 2 real-food-for-gestational-diabetes-an-effective-a busts these and many other myths about food. Spoon-Fed explores the scandalous lack of good ...May 8, 2023 · "Real Food for Gestational Diabetes" is the ultimate guide for expectant mothers who are struggling with gestational diabetes. This book offers a fresh perspective on managing gestational diabetes through wholesome, nutritious, and delicious real foods. Diabetes puts you at risk for heart disease. There are different types of diabetic heart disease; Some people have no signs or symptoms. Diabetes is a disease in which your blood g...Aug 12, 2021 ... Controversies over optimal dietary interventions for gestational diabetes; Evidence to support a low-glycemic, whole foods approach to ...In general, all health experts agree that real, whole foods are best when you have GD — and processed foods should be limited if possible. The reason: whole foods not only provide the most nutrients, they help limit spikes in blood sugar. ... National Library of Medicine, Gestational diabetes diet, December 2023. Stanford Medicine ...Eating a balanced, healthy diet full of real foods can help manage gestational diabetes. “I tell my patients, ‘No naked carbs,’” Miller says. Linking protein and healthy fats with the carbohydrates will help reduce blood sugar spikes and crashes. Specifically, Miller recommends a gestational diabetes diet of low to moderate ...When you have diabetes, it’s important to choose foods that don’t elevate your blood sugar levels above a healthy range. At first glance, this can make your snack options seem rath...In this episode, Stephanie interviews Lily Nichols, RDN, CDE. Lily is a registered dietitian who specializes in gestational diabetes. One of her biggest passions is prenatal nutrition research and education, which is what we are going to talk about on todays show. We discuss alternative nutrition considerations for prWhat Can I Eat With Gestational Diabetes - Fast Food Series - Chick-fil-A Taco Bell Copycat (Mini) Grilled Stuffed Burrito McDonald's Low Carb Options for Gestational Diabetes ... (Real Life) Gestational Diabetes Snack Ideas. 12+ Resistant Starch Foods List. Tortillas for Diabetics. Low Glycemic Foods List Guide (Simplified)Arrives by Fri, Oct 6 Buy Real Food for Gestational Diabetes : An Effective Alternative to the Conventional Nutrition Approach (Paperback) at Walmart.comReal Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you …Sep 15, 2023 · The overall goal is to incorporate foods that support healthy blood sugar levels. Follow these general guidelines and then customize your meals based on the foods you like. Check out the sample gestational diabetes meal plan provided below as a guide. Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...Heat skillet on medium heat. Sprinkle the fillets with chili powder and salt, then pack on the brown sugar. When skillet is hot, add oil, then salmon. Cook until the sides turn white, almost halfway up. Flip and cook another 2-4 mins, depending on the thickness. Total time shouldn’t exceed 10 mins.Sep 16, 2020 ... [PDF] Download Real Food for Gestational Diabetes: An Effective Alternative to the Conventional Nutrition Approach Ebook | READ ONLINE PDF ...In general, all health experts agree that real, whole foods are best when you have GD — and processed foods should be limited if possible. The reason: whole foods not only provide the most nutrients, they help limit spikes in blood sugar. ... National Library of Medicine, Gestational diabetes diet, December 2023. Stanford Medicine ...In Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, prenatal nutritionist and diabetes educator, Lily Nichols, RDN, CDE, CLT, sets the record straight, offering revamped carbohydrate recommendations and exercise guidelines based on the latest clinical research. You can have gestational diabetes and have a healthy baby.In general, a diet that will help with treating gestational diabetes should be balanced across macronutrients (fats, carbs and proteins). “Optimal foods are lean …Beans · Dark green leafy vegetables · Citrus fruit · Berries · Tomatoes · Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids · Nuts · Whole grains.After listening to our interview, I hope you’ll feel that you can manage gestational diabetes without fear. It doesn’t need to be so overwhelming and terrifying. In fact, there’s a lot to feel empowered about. When you have the right information, you can make evidence-based decisions on your care– on everything from your diet and ... I have yet to have a participant in my online Real Food for Gestational Diabetes Course have a macrosomic baby. Take that, statistics. Myth #8: Cut Back on Carbohydrates, BUT Not Less Than 175g of Carbohydrates/Day. The conventional nutrition advice for gestational diabetes is mind-numbingly nonsensical. We all know that eating too much sugar is bad for your health. It’s been linked to an increased risk of conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression and cancer. Some peo...With over 930 citations, this is the most comprehensive text on prenatal nutrition to date. Since its publication, it remains the #1 bestselling book on ...After listening to our interview, I hope you’ll feel that you can manage gestational diabetes without fear. It doesn’t need to be so overwhelming and terrifying. In fact, there’s a lot to feel empowered about. When you have the right information, you can make evidence-based decisions on your care– on everything from your diet and ... Read the first chapter of real food for pregnancy for FREE. DOWNLOAD NOW. Search Search. ... I’ve devoted my career to researching real food nutrition for pregnancy and gestational diabetes. What I uncovered is a wide gap between current prenatal guidelines and what’s optimal for both mother and baby. ... Manage gestational diabetes without ...How vitamin D levels, exercise, first trimester protein consumption, and more affect gestational diabetes risk (Fast forward to 21:55 – 26:25 to catch the part about vitamin D. And for more on the topic, read this.) Simple, real food strategies to help balance blood sugar levels; Watch the gestational diabetes interview here.Dec 29, 2023 · “ Real Food for Gestational Diabetes" is more than just a cookbook; it's your partner in creating a healthy, happy pregnancy. You'll find delicious recipes, practical tips, and a whole lot of encouragement to guide you on your journey. 📚 BOOK FEATURES : Size: 6×9 inches Cover: A lovely visual treat, inviting you to a world of good eats. A Real Food Gestational Diabetes Diet. Restricting carbohydrates isn’t the only dietary consideration women with gestational diabetes need to make. The diet as …Protein (Meat, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Nuts) Eat 2 – 3 servings a day: one serving equals 2-3 oz. cooked meat, poultry, or fish; 1/2 cup cooked beans; 1 egg; or 2 tablespoons peanut butter. Choose fish and poultry more often. Remove the skin from chicken and turkey. Select lean cuts of beef, veal, pork or wild game.Then fill one quarter with protein foods like lean beef, poultry, fish, eggs, or legumes. Fill the remaining quarter of your plate with carbohydrate or starchy foods, such as whole-grain bread or pasta, brown or wild rice, potatoes, fruit, yogurt, or milk. For your beverage, choose water or another zero-calorie drink.AbeBooks.com: Real Food for Gestational Diabetes: An Effective Alternative to the Conventional Nutrition Approach (9780986295003) by Nichols, Lily and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices.Aug 14, 2023 · Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. ... Get invaluable data about your blood sugar response to food, exercise, and sleep in real-time with a Nutrisense ... Clearly, those in the prenatal nutrition industry have noticed that the conventional gestational diabetes diet doesn’t offer the results they’re looking for and are ready to think outside of the box. Bravo! 3. Finally, I’m very happy to announce the Real Food for Gestational Diabetes Course is growing quickly.
Drawing from the current scientific literature and the wisdom of traditional cultures, her work is known for being research-focused, thorough, and sensible. Her bestselling book, Real Food for Gestational Diabetes (and online course of the same name), presents a revolutionary nutrient-dense, lower carb approach for managing …. Lyrics to banana pancakes
In Real Food for Gestational Diabetes, registered dietitian and gestational diabetes expert, Lily Nichols, sets the record straight, offering revamped carbohydrate recommendations and exercise guidelines based on the latest clinical research. With this book, you have the tools to turn this diagnosis into a blessing in disguise. Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...After extensive research, I developed my real food approach for managing gestational diabetes, which is lower in carbohydrates and more nutrient-dense than conventional recommendations. In using this approach clinically, my patients experienced better blood sugar control, fewer complications, and had healthier infants overall. After extensive research, I developed my real food approach for managing gestational diabetes, which is lower in carbohydrates and more nutrient-dense than conventional recommendations. In using this approach clinically, my patients experienced better blood sugar control, fewer complications, and had healthier infants overall. But only you know what you can handle. *Same with the Sausage Flatbread Quesadilla. It made the list because some moms can go up to 30g carbs for breakfast and it has a 2 to 1 ratio of carbs to protein which is usually safe. The Mtn Dew Kickstart Orange Citrus is only 18 carbs but it didn't make the list because it's a liquid, and it's breakfast.Do you want to know how a Mediterranean Diet can help prevent gestational diabetes and improve your pregnancy outcomes? Read this prospective, universal, interventional study with a single group, conducted by experts from the St Carlos Hospital in Madrid, Spain. You will learn how to follow the Mediterranean Diet …Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...Gestational diabetes. If you had gestational diabetes in one pregnancy, you're more likely to have it again with the next pregnancy. Prevention. Type 1 diabetes can't be prevented. But the healthy lifestyle choices that help treat prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can also help prevent them: Eat healthy foods.Gestational Diabetes resource. February 03, 2022 | by gines2634. I know we are all taking the glucose test soon or have already done it. Some of us will be diagnosed with GD. I want to let everyone know about a phenomenal resource for GD. It is the book “Real Food for Gestational Diabetes” by Lily Nichols....Real Food for Gestational Diabetes offers an alternative to the conventional nutrition approach that embraces nutrient-dense and delicious foods that nourish you and baby without causing high blood sugar. With the wrong information (or no information at all), far too many women are left alone struggling with erratic blood sugar and excessive ...Protein (Meat, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Nuts) Eat 2 – 3 servings a day: one serving equals 2-3 oz. cooked meat, poultry, or fish; 1/2 cup cooked beans; 1 egg; or 2 tablespoons peanut butter. Choose fish and poultry more often. Remove the skin from chicken and turkey. Select lean cuts of beef, veal, pork or wild game.Pro Gestational Log Real Food Less Fuss Lauren Parsons.2016 This book will change your life, transforming the way you feel by making it incredibly easy to plan, shop, cook and eat well for life. ... 2 real-food-for-gestational-diabetes-an-effective-a busts these and many other myths about food. Spoon-Fed explores the scandalous lack of good ...Understanding your diet and eating healthily is an important part of your treatment for gestational diabetes. It'll help you keep your blood sugar levels in the safe range so you’re more likely to enjoy a healthy pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby. If you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes you should be referred to a dietitian for individual ….