Samarium cobalt magnets arc group.jpeg - Group: Lanthanides: Melting point: 1072°C, 1962°F, 1345 K: Period: 6: Boiling point: 1794°C, 3261°F, 2067 K: ... The most important application of Samarium is in Samarium-Cobalt magnets which have a very high permanent magnetisation. ... It is used in making special infrared absorbing glass and cores of carbon arc lamp electrodes.

 
These permanent magnets are made from two rare-earth elements – samarium and cobalt. It is important to note that when producing SmCo magnets, the cobalt portion can be replaced by transition metals, while the samarium portion can be replaced by cerium and gadolinium. SmCo magnets were invented by Alden Ray and Karl Strnat in the ’70s. . 3695 pitch perfect 2 full movie 123movies

FAQs. They are available in three grades; 18, 22 and 26. The samarium cobalt magnet energy products of these alloys are 18 Mega Gauss Oersteds (MGOe), 22 (MGOe) and 26 (MGOe). The magnets are rich in cobalt and contain other elements such as iron and copper. Samarium cobalt is manufactured by a sintering process, and inherent cracks are possible. Samarium Cobalt Countersunk Disc Magnet - 13/16 in. dia x 3/8 in. thick x 3/16 in. hole - 15.65lbs Pull (North) F314NS-SC. From $7.14. View. Discover the power of Samarium Cobalt magnets. Shop for the highest quality magnets for any application from FIRST4MAGNETS. We also offer free shipping orders! Samarium-145 and its use as a radiation source. DOEpatents. Fairchild, Ralph G.; Laster, Brenda H.; Packer, Samuel. 1989-01-01. The present invention covers a new radiation source, samarium-145, with radiation energies slightly above those of I-125 and a half-life of 340 days.The samarium-145 source is produced by neutron irradiation …Materials and Methods: 168 cylindrical magnets each of neodymium iron boron and Samarium cobalt were procured and were grouped as Group I and Group II and further subdivided into A, B and C for ...Samarium cobalt magnets usually do not need surface treatment, but if the use environment is harsh, the service life will be longer after electroplating, ... mounting magnets. The company has also trained a group of …samarium (Sm), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table. Samarium is a moderately soft metal, silvery white in colour. It is relatively stable in air, slowly oxidizing to Sm 2 O 3. It rapidly dissolves in diluted acids —except hydrofluoric acid (HF), in which it is stable because of formation of a ... A samarium–cobalt (SmCo) magnet, a type of rare-earth magnet, is a strong permanent magnet made of two basic elements: samarium and cobalt . They were developed in the early 1960s based on work done by Karl Strnat at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Alden Ray at the University of Dayton. Samarium Cobalt Magnets in the Military. Compared with the NdFeB magnet, the samarium cobalt magnet has more excellent high-temperature performance and is widely used in electronics, electrical machinery, military, aerospace, and other fields. In this article, we will take a look at the uses of samarium cobalt magnets in the military.. In modern …Samarium Cobalt magnets are part of the Rare Earth group of permanent magnets. They have excellent resistance to corrosion and are often used in automotive, marine and medical applications. Samarium Cobalt Magnets have the highest resistance to demagnetisation and outstanding temperature stability over a wide temperature range. Samarium Cobalt rare earth magnets are often used in high temperature applications needing high magnetic performance and where magnetic stability over a wide range of temperatures is important. Dura can help optimize performance and cost with SmCo magnets in grades from 16 to 35 MGOe (1:5 and 2:17) and temperatures up to …Typically samarium cobalt magnets do not require any coating or plating. That is because, unlike neodymium magnets, they contain little or no iron and therefore they have excellent resistance to corrosion. Some grades that are part of the Sm2Co17 family due contain iron but providing they aren’t exposed directly to water they will have a good ...The global samarium cobalt magnets market size reached US$ 574.8 Million in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 742.8 Million by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8% during 2024-2032. The increased demand for SmCo magnets in high-temperature application due to their exceptional thermal stability ... Manufacturer of standard and custom sintered samarium cobalt magnets …Compensated Samarium Cobalt Permanent Magnets and Design Considerations Electron Energy Corporation ... RE from the group of Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er, for a portion of the Sm. Demagnetization Curves for EEC zero RTC Magnets . 6 1 3 5 7 9 11-200 -100 0 100 200 300 Temperature (°C) Br (kG)Stanford Magnets has been providing quality rare earth magnets since the 1990s to our partners in electric, mechanical, medical, aviation, and military areas. Customization - We provide customized solutions for world-leading companies. Experienced - More than 20 years in supplying a wide range of rare earth magnets.Introduction. Samarium cobalt magnets are permanent magnets. They are one of the rare-earth magnets and are typically made from Samarium and Cobalt. In the production of this magnet, the Samarium portion can …In recent years, samarium–cobalt magnets have been overshadowed by neodymium–iron–boron magnets although they are still used in microwave applications because they retain their magnetism to …Samarium Cobalt Countersunk Disc Magnet - 13/16 in. dia x 3/8 in. thick x 3/16 in. hole - 15.65lbs Pull (North) F314NS-SC. From $7.14. View. Discover the power of Samarium Cobalt magnets. Shop for the highest quality magnets for any application from FIRST4MAGNETS. We also offer free shipping orders! Sep 2, 2021 · Samarium hexaboride, SmB6, is a topological insulator that may find use in quantum computers. The samarium 3+ ion may be useful to make warm-white light-emitting diodes, although low quantum efficiency is an issue. In 1979, Sony introduced the first portable cassette player, the Sony Walkman, made using samarium cobalt magnets. Arnold Magnetic Technologies’ industry leading RECOMA Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) magnet materials break the performance barriers of other magnetic components. Offering several operational advantages, our top-of-the-line RECOMA 35E is currently the most power dense samarium cobalt magnet on the market, and is specifically created for the …Arc magnets are a specific type of magnet that has a curved shape, and they are commonly used in motors and generators to provide a continuous, rotating magnetic field. SmCo arc magnets have a high…Samarium cobalt magnets are part of the rare earth family of magnets and have a …samarium (Sm), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table. Samarium is a moderately soft metal, silvery white in colour. It is relatively stable in air, slowly oxidizing to Sm 2 O 3. It rapidly dissolves in diluted acids —except hydrofluoric acid (HF), in which it is stable because of formation of a ...These permanent magnets are made from two rare-earth elements – samarium and cobalt. It is important to note that when producing SmCo magnets, the cobalt portion can be replaced by transition metals, while the samarium portion can be replaced by cerium and gadolinium. SmCo magnets were invented by Alden Ray and Karl Strnat in the ’70s. Samarium-cobalt magnets, also known as SmCo magnets, are a type of rare-earth …magnets with high application temperatures, positive tem-perature coefficients of coercive force, zero temperature coefficients of residual magnetization, high resistance rate, high mechanical property, and nanocrystallization. Keywords Samarium–cobalt rare-earth permanent magnet; Magnetic; Temperature coefficient; Resistivity 1 ... Samarium Cobalt Block Magnets (SmCo) - 20mm x 11mm x 3.3mm (S280) Code: 39005. £6.78 for 1 to 9 items. £6.26 buy 10 to 99 items and save 7%. £4.93 buy 100+ items and save 27%. Add To Cart.Abstract and Figures. Recycling of samarium-cobalt (SmCo) magnets is essential due to the limited resources of the mentioned metals and their high economic importance. The ionic liquid (IL ...Samarium cobalt magnet, also known as SmCo magnet, is another type of permanent magnets.A big advantage of SmCo magnets is that they can operate at temperatures up to 300 degrees Centigrade. SmCo magnets are widely used in applications in which high operating temperature and high corrosion and oxidation resistance are crucial.Sep 22, 2022 · September 22, 2022 | Chemical & Materials. According to the latest report by IMARC Group, titled "Samarium Cobalt Magnets Market Report by Application (Defence, Aerospace, Electronics, Medical Devices, and Others), and Region 2024-2032," the global samarium cobalt magnets market reached a value of US$ 574.8 Million in 2023. Arnold Magnetic Technologies’ industry leading RECOMA Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) magnet materials break the performance barriers of other magnetic components. Offering several operational advantages, our top-of-the-line RECOMA 35E is currently the most power dense samarium cobalt magnet on the market, and is specifically created for the most ... Magnets. An important use of samarium is samarium–cobalt magnets, which are nominally SmCo 5 or Sm 2 Co 17. They have high permanent magnetization, about 10,000 times that of iron and second only to neodymium magnets. However, samarium magnets resist demagnetization better; they are stable to temperatures above 700 °C (1,292 °F) (cf. 300 ... Due to their thermal stability, samarium cobalt magnets are also ideal permanent magnets for aerospace, automotive, sensors, speakers, motors and military applications. Samarium cobalt magnets not only excel at high temperatures, but also maintain their magnetic properties even below absolute zero (-237 degrees Celsius), making them popular for …Samarium Cobalt magnets are permanent, super-strong rare earth magnets at Magnetop Magnetics.Samarium Cobalt Magnets are slightly more expensive than the popular strong neodymium magnets, with a slightly weaker magnetic field strength. However, SmCo magnets are the best choice for many applications due to their superior ability to retain …Samarium cobalt magnets (also known as SmCo magnets), are extremely powerful permanent magnets. Part of the rare-earth magnet family, SmCo magnets rank similarly in strength to neodymium magnets but have much higher temperature stability and higher coercivity. They can operate at temperatures up to 525°F (300°C). Precise Micro Samarium Cobalt Arc Magnets, Miniature Motor Magnets, Precise Micro Mini Segment Magnet, Sintered SmCo Micro Arc Magnet, Precision MagnetsShortcomings of Samarium Cobalt include, as with all rare earth-based magnets, its high cost and its lack of toughness. Samarium Cobalt is difficult to work with: it must be handled with care to prevent chipping. Customers are usually advised to have Samarium Cobalt magnets tumbled (honed) to create a slight radius (0.004” to 0.007”) on the ... We're professional arc smco magnet samarium cobalt manufacturers and suppliers in China, specialized in providing customized permanent magnet products with competitive price. We warmly welcome you to buy or wholesale arc smco magnet samarium cobalt for sale here from our factory. Also, custom service is available.Samarium Cobalt Magnets - Strong, High Temperature Magnets . View as List Grid Rapid List Ordering. Items 11-19 of 19. ... Arc Magnets 14 items; Bars 8 items; Blocks 84 items; Ceramic / Ferrite 21 items; Countersink 18 items; Cubes 22 items; Cylinders 46 items; Discs - Small 112 items; Discs - Large - 1 Inch+ 22 items;PMID: 7771362. DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406 (95)70100-1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of either samarium cobalt magnets or pulsed electromagnetic fields could increase the rate and amount of orthodontic tooth movement observed in guinea pigs. In addition, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a …Stanford Magnets is a leading magnet supplier around the world, who has been involved in R&D, manufacturing, and sales of magnets since the 1990s. It provides customers with high-quality rare earth permanent magnetic products, and other non-rare earth permanent magnets at a very competitive price. Samarium cobalt magnets are widely used to ...Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) magnets are rare earth magnets known for their strong magnetic properties, resistance to demagnetization, and high-temperature capabilities. They were invented in the 1970s and have since found diverse applications in various industries. The primary advantage of SmCo magnets lies in their ability to …Samarium cobalt magnets are a great choice when designing motors, generators or sensing systems. Unlike neodymium and even more importantly dysprosium which is used to give neodymium iron boron magnets higher temperature performance, there is an excess of samarium in the rare earth supply chain. We estimate that SmCo magnet usage could …This chapter reviews the development of SmCo-type magnets over the last …Samarium-cobalt magnets. It is used for making samarium-cobalt magnets with the chemical formula SmCo 5 or Sm 2 Co 17. Such types of magnets are much more powerful than iron magnets. Samarium-cobalt magnets are used commonly in small motors, headphones, and high-end magnetic pickups for guitars and related musical instruments. With experience of over 20 years, we provide customers SmCo permanent magnets in highest quality and competitive price. SmCo Magnets are second generation of rare earth magnets, specified into SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 . It is made of samarium, cobalt and other rare earth metal, processed through smashing, pressing and sintering.RECOMA® 35E – The World’s Most Power Dense Samarium Cobalt Magnet Material. RECOMA® 35E Samarium Cobalt is the most power dense samarium cobalt magnet material available, specifically created for the most demanding applications, including high speed, high temperature and highly corrosive environments.As the market leader in high …The main commercial use of samarium is in samarium–cobalt magnets, ... The powder can be converted into larger crystals of samarium borides using arc melting or zone melting techniques, ... Numerous crystalline binary compounds are known for samarium and one of the group 14, 15, or 16 elements X, where X is Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, ...Samarium Cobalt magnets can be used at cryogenic temperatures (i.e. towards absolute zero). How the magnet is used affects the working point of the magnet (shape, magnetic circuit, temperature, Samarium Cobalt magnets have better temperature coefficients than Neodymium so offer more stable fields etc). 10PCS/20PCS Samarium Cobalt Rare Earth SmCo Magnetic Block 10x10x3.8mm High Working Temperature Strong Magnets (Color : 10pcs 10x10x3.8mm) $30.64 $ 30 . 64 FREE delivery Jan 24 - Feb 5 Mar 1, 2021 · For instance, the global warming potential (GWP) per kilogram of the samarium-cobalt magnet is approximately 1.5 times that of the neodymium (NdFeB) permanent magnet (Bailey et al., 2021). Consequently, more advanced technologies should be incubated throughout the whole samarium life cycle so that the total environmental impacts can be mitigated. Samarium cobalt or SmCo magnets have the highest working temperature of all available magnet alloys with stable magnet performance from -270 to 350 ⁰C. They are available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and grades. This makes SmCo the perfect choice for demanding applications in, for instance, the aerospace, medical and electronics industries.Samarium Cobalt Magnets. As the first commercially viable rare earth permanent magnet material, Samarium Cobalt (Sm-Co) is considered to still be the premium material for many high performance applications. Formulated in the 1960s, it came as a revolutionary product, initially tripling the energy product of other materials available at the time.Samarium (atomic symbol: Sm, atomic number: 62) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic radius of 150.36. The number of electrons in each of samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f 6 6s 2. The samarium atom has a radius of 180 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 229 pm.According to the latest report by IMARC Group, titled "North America Samarium Cobalt Magnets Market: Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028," the North America samarium cobalt magnets market size reached 454.1 Tons in 2022.Samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnets are rare earth magnets …Prior to the 1980s, the best temperature-resistant and energy-dense magnets available were samarium-cobalt (SmCo) based, and could be found in a majority of PM applications (Strnat et al., 1967). However, the Japanese company Sumitomo and the American company General Motors wanted to develop a magnet with good performance …RECOMA® 35E – The World’s Most Power Dense Samarium Cobalt Magnet Material. RECOMA® 35E Samarium Cobalt is the most power dense samarium cobalt magnet material available, specifically created for the most demanding applications, including high speed, high temperature and highly corrosive environments.As the market leader in high …Samarium Cobalt Magnet Information. Samarium cobalt magnets are part of the rare earth family of permanent magnets along with neodymium magnets. While they aren’t as strong as neodymium magnets, they have two distinct advantages over their neodymium cousins. They are effective over a wider range of temperatures and are much more …Samarium-cobalt magnets. It is used for making samarium-cobalt magnets with the chemical formula SmCo 5 or Sm 2 Co 17. Such types of magnets are much more powerful than iron magnets. Samarium-cobalt magnets are used commonly in small motors, headphones, and high-end magnetic pickups for guitars and related musical instruments. Samarium cobalt magnets experience a minimal change in their magnetic performance as temperature increases from ambient, far less than neodymium and ferrite (ceramic) magnets. Although the geometry of a magnet, and the application in which it is used also affects how a magnet behaves at high temperatures it is a general rule that samarium ...Samarium Cobalt magnet (also known as SmCo Magnet) is a permanent magnet made of Samarium and Cobalt. Two common compositions are Sm1Co5 and Sm2Co17. It is the second-strongest type of magnet made and has higher temperature rating, higher coercivity, and better corrosion resistance than neodymium. Our factory has been producing …What advantages and disadvantages of samarium-cobalt magnets? It's have a high magnetic properties, second only to neodymium magnet . It is suitable also relatively high temperature use excellent temperature characteristics. In addition, because the rust resistant, there is no need for surface treatment usually.Samarium Cobalt Countersunk Disc Magnet - 13/16 in. dia x 3/8 in. thick x 3/16 in. hole - 15.65lbs Pull (North) F314NS-SC. From $7.14. View. Discover the power of Samarium Cobalt magnets. Shop for the highest quality …More information: Bhaskar Das et al. Anisotropy and orbital moment in Sm-Co permanent magnets, Physical Review B (2019).DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.024419SmCo 5 -type permanent magnets have good temperature characteristics, such as T c of 750 °C, α of −0.045 %·°C −1, β of −0.300 %·°C −1, and the application temperature can reach 250 °C. However, the magnetic parameters of SmCo 5 -type permanent magnet are usually low, i.e., ( BH) max at room temperature of 160 kJ·m −3.magnets with high application temperatures, positive tem-perature coefficients of coercive force, zero temperature coefficients of residual magnetization, high resistance rate, high mechanical property, and nanocrystallization. Keywords Samarium–cobalt rare-earth permanent magnet; Magnetic; Temperature coefficient; Resistivity 1 ... Active Member. Mar 15, 2014. #2. Neodymium magnets are stronger, but cheaper and not well integrated. The best is Samarium Cobalt; these were used until AN wanted to sell Infinity. Although some models designed with the Neodymium magnets in the EMIM are pretty good, and there is not much trouble with these magnets in the EMIT.But samarium cobalt magnets can operate in temperatures as low as absolute zero (-273°C) and keep their magnetisation up to 350°C, compared to a regular neodymium magnet’s comfortable temperature range of -130°C to 80°C. This capability sees samarium cobalt magnets used in harsh operating environments, such as generators and motors.PMID: 7771362. DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406 (95)70100-1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of either samarium cobalt magnets or pulsed electromagnetic fields could increase the rate and amount of orthodontic tooth movement observed in guinea pigs. In addition, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a …The magnet is based on the rare-earth-cobalt compound RCo 5, where R is samarium. …The global samarium cobalt magnets market size reached US$ 574.8 Million in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 742.8 Million by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8% during 2024-2032. The increased demand for SmCo magnets in high-temperature application due to their exceptional thermal stability ... The SMRS0005 Samarium Cobalt Ring Magnet (SmCo Ring Magnet) is made of high-performance 26M Sm2Co17, without other protective coatings. The dimension of this item is 10mm dia x 5mm thickness, magnetized through thickness. It can pull up to 2.65 lbs of steel. And the surface field is up to 3600 gausses. Ring Magnet is a common shape of SmCo …The simulation models are constructed by using the Atomsk software [22].The samples are modeled with a periodic simulation box. For a single-phase model, the box size is set to be 15 × 15 × 20 nm 3, while for a two-phase model the size is 15 × 15 × 40 nm 3.The crystal orientation is controlled by the angle (θ) between the c axis of the …Samarium Cobalt magnets are permanent, super-strong rare earth magnets at Magnetop Magnetics.Samarium Cobalt Magnets are slightly more expensive than the popular strong neodymium magnets, with a slightly weaker magnetic field strength. However, SmCo magnets are the best choice for many applications due to their superior ability to retain …Samarium Cobalt magnets are permanent, super-strong rare earth magnets at Magnetop Magnetics.Samarium Cobalt Magnets are slightly more expensive than the popular strong neodymium magnets, with a slightly weaker magnetic field strength. However, SmCo magnets are the best choice for many applications due to their superior ability to retain …Samarium cobalt or SmCo magnets have the highest working temperature of all available magnet alloys with stable magnet performance from -270 to 350 ⁰C. They are available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and grades. This makes SmCo the perfect choice for demanding applications in, for instance, the aerospace, medical and electronics industries.Samarium Cobalt Magnets have a high working temperature of 350 ℃. When the working temperature exceeds 180 ℃, its maximum magnetic energy product and stable temperature are superior to NdFeB magnetic materials. SmCo Magnet does not require electroplating because it is not easily corroded and oxidized. Samarium Cobalt Magnets are widely used ... Samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnets are powerful rare-earth magnets made from two basic elements — samarium and cobalt. SmCo magnets can resist corrosion and withstand low or high temperatures. Factors like the magnetic field, demagnetization, erosion and oxidization can impact a samarium cobalt magnet’s performance over time. SmCo …This chapter reviews the development of SmCo-type magnets over the last …

1)Constitution: 35% Sm, 60% Co and 5% Fe & Cu 2)SmCo Magnet(Samarium Cobalt magnet) has superior resistance to high temperature(max temp reaches 350-degree centigrade). When working at above 180-degree centigrade, its maximum energy product BH and temperature stability are superior to NdFeB magnet. 2)Excellent resistance to …. Heidi klumpercent27s halloween costumes

samarium cobalt magnets arc group.jpeg

Due to their thermal stability, samarium cobalt magnets are also ideal permanent magnets for aerospace, automotive, sensors, speakers, motors and military applications. Samarium cobalt magnets not only excel at high temperatures, but also maintain their magnetic properties even below absolute zero (-237 degrees Celsius), making them popular for …Samarium Cobalt disc magnets perform extremely well in high temperatures. SmCo magnetic discs are very strong magnets & are available in different sizes. They belong to the permanent rare earth magnet group. SmCo Cylinders and Blocks also in stock. Great volume discounts & Free Shipping over $40!Samarium cobalt or SmCo magnets have the highest working temperature of all available magnet alloys with stable magnet performance from -270 to 350 ⁰C. They are available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and grades. This makes SmCo the perfect choice for demanding applications in, for instance, the aerospace, medical and electronics industries.Stanford Magnets is a leading magnet supplier around the world, who has been involved in R&D, manufacturing, and sales of magnets since the 1990s. It provides customers with high-quality rare earth permanent magnetic products, and other non-rare earth permanent magnets at a very competitive price. Samarium cobalt magnets are widely used to ...With experience of over 20 years, we provide customers SmCo permanent magnets in highest quality and competitive price. SmCo Magnets are second generation of rare earth magnets, specified into SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 . It is made of samarium, cobalt and other rare earth metal, processed through smashing, pressing and sintering.Samarium Cobalt Countersunk Disc Magnet - 13/16 in. dia x 3/8 in. thick x 3/16 in. hole - 15.65lbs Pull (North) F314NS-SC. From $7.14. View. Discover the power of Samarium Cobalt magnets. Shop for the highest quality …Methodology. Request Sample. Market Overview: The North America samarium cobalt …Introduction. Samarium cobalt magnets are permanent magnets. They are one of the rare-earth magnets and are typically made from Samarium and Cobalt. In the production of this magnet, the Samarium portion can …Samarium cobalt magnets are part of the rare earth family of permanent magnets along with neodymium magnets. While they aren’t as strong as neodymium magnets, they have two distinct advantages over their neodymium cousins. They are effective over a wider range of temperatures and are much more resistant to corrosion. Samarium cobalt magnets (also known as SmCo magnets), are extremely powerful permanent magnets. Part of the rare-earth magnet family, SmCo magnets rank similarly in strength to neodymium magnets but have much higher temperature stability and higher coercivity. They can operate at temperatures up to 525°F (300°C). Jul 2, 2015 · Magnets and lights . Another outlet for samarium is in permanent magnets, where its alloy with cobalt produces magnets that are not only 10,000 times more powerful than iron magnets, but have the highest resistance to demagnetisation of any known material. These magnets have allowed the miniaturisation of devices such as motors and headphones. Sintered SmCo magnet is one of the two types of rare earth magnet, which is made of an alloy of samarium and cobalt. It is the second strongest powerful of magnet, but has better temperature stability (maximum working temperature is between 250 and 350 °C and the curie temperatures is from 700 to 800 °C)..

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