Curl dumbbell - Jun 5, 2019 · Dumbbell curls are fantastic, but they are just one of many effective exercises to target the bicep muscles. In 2014, the American Council on Exercise published a study indicating other top-performing bicep exercises, including cable curls, preacher curls and incline curls.

 
Equipment Needed: Adjustable weight bench OR preacher curl bench; dumbbell, EZ-bar, barbell, OR machine. Holding a dumbbell, place your upper arm along an inclined weight bench or preacher curl bench.. Mr crowley

What Is a Dumbbell Curl? Are Bicep Curls and Dumbbell Curls the Same Thing? What Muscles Do Dumbbell Curls Work? How to Do a Dumbbell Curl Properly …How To · Stand upright with your hands by the side of your body with palms facing inwards, holding one dumbbell in each hand with a neutral grip. · Keeping your ...Also Known As: Dumbbell wrist curl. Targets: Forearms and wrists. Equipment Needed: Dumbbells, bench. Level: Beginner. How to Do a Wrist Curl . Verywell / Ben Goldstein. To get started, you need handheld weights like dumbbells or even a weighted barbell. If you are new to exercise, start with lighter weights to prevent injury.Forearm Flexors How to Dumbbell Curl Hold a pair of dumbbells in an underhand (supinated) grip, arms hanging by your sides. Lift the dumbbells with control, by flexing …Allow your bicep to stretch out so that your elbow is fully extended. Curl the weight toward your front delts and squeeze your biceps as forcefully as you can. Lower the dumbbell under control until your elbow is once again locked out. Repeat the motion for your other arm and perform 3-5 sets of 8-15 reps per arm.The dumbbell biceps curl will take you far but once you’ve mastered it, adding the tweaks below to your repertoire will only enhance the benefits. Seated dumbbell curl (Image credit: unknown) If you find you’re having trouble keeping your back straight, using a bench set at a high incline will help by providing support for your back.Benefits of Dumbbell Curls. Stronger and bigger arms. Dumbbell curls primarily target the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, which results in increased strength and size of the upper arms. Unilateral Training. Because you can perform curls with one arm at a time, dumbbell curls can help identify and correct muscular imbalances between your ... Jan 22, 2024 · The dumbbell curl remains one of the favourite movements among gym-goers of all ages, gender or even body types thanks to its universal appeal as well as its direct impact on the arm muscles. The 'curling' (pulling up) movement of the dumbbell by the upper arm comes naturally to even beginners and has a relatively short turnaround time towards ... Supinated curls are a valuable exercise for anyone in pursuit of optimal biceps development. This is because, unlike in standard dumbbell bicep curls, you have to actively twist your wrist during supinating curls, which results in a much stronger muscle contraction.. This guide shows you how to perform supinated dumbbell curls and then …Adjust your bench to a 45- to 60-degree incline. Then: Sit with your back flat against the bench, your abs tight, and the weights by your sides (one in each hand). With your palms facing up, curl ...As the name implies, the incline dumbbell curl is a dumbbell curl performed on a bench set at an incline. Both standard dumbbell curls and incline dumbbell curls are effective curling exercises for targeting your biceps brachii (1).But curling a dumbbell at an angle will allow your biceps to go through a greater range of motion and …An EMG study published in 2018 demonstrated that EZ bar curls highly activated biceps branchii and brachioradialis than dumbbell curls. Therefore, you can prioritize the EZ bar bicep curl over the dumbbell curl. Unilateral Option. The dumbbell allows you to perform unilateral exercises, meaning you can use one arm at a time. …7 Jun 2021 ... Perform incline dumbbell curls by sitting on an incline bench set to a 45- or 60-degree angle. Hold a pair of dumbbells at your side. Squeeze ...EZ bar curl. And both the barbell curl and EZ bar were found to be superior to the dumbbell curl for activating these two muscles.. However, one Ace-sponsored study tested several exercises using 16 participants to find out which ones were the best for activating the biceps through EMG activity. And the exercises included the concentration …There are over 7 variations of dumbbell bicep curl that you can do to build muscle. Click the links below for a complete guide on each of the different types of …Standing Dumbbell Bicep Curls is a gym work out exercise that targets biceps and also involves abs and forearms. Follow the Pin link for full instructions ...Stand up straight and hold a dumbbell by your side. While keeping your elbow still, curl the weight toward your shoulder. Keep curling until your forearm and bicep make firm contact. Hold the contraction for a moment. Lower the dumbbell under control until your elbow is fully locked out. Repeat the movement with your other arm and do 3-5 …CAP Barbell 18" Regular E-Z Curl Bar. $22.99. ONLINE ONLY. Body-Solid 7' Chrome Olympic Bar. $119.99. ONLINE ONLY. Body-Solid 7' Chrome Olympic Bar. $239.99. …Aug 9, 2023 · Curl the bar by contracting your biceps while bending your elbows. Lift the curl bar to your shoulders. Finish by squeezing your biceps. Coach’s Tip: Drive the backs of your upper arms into the ... Click here for more killer workouts! http://www.ftsvideos.com/exclusive/ Seated Dumbbell Bicep Curls target your biceps (front of the arm) and brachiordialis... Stand up straight and hold a dumbbell by your side. While keeping your elbow still, curl the weight toward your shoulder. Keep curling until your forearm and bicep make firm contact. Hold the contraction for a moment. Lower the dumbbell under control until your elbow is fully locked out. Repeat the movement with your other arm and do 3-5 …Hammer Curls is an isolation movement that focuses on the biceps of the upper arms as well as the forearm. More specifically, Hammer Curls is one of the best biceps exercises to really focus on the Brachioradialis (the forearm muscle that aids in flexing the elbow). It also works the Biceps Brachii and the Brachialis.ADD TO CART. Body Solid SDPS550 Premium Rubber Dumbbell Set. $1419.99. ADD TO CART. CALIA 32 lb. Dumbbell Kit. $89.99. ADD TO CART. XTERRA ADB12.5PR …3-part curls allow for self-spotting, if one arm is exercised at a time. This is an additionally appealing byproduct of using dumbbells. To self-spot on curls, simply use your free hand to gently help (via touch spot) the working arm to raise the weight when it becomes too difficult to lift unassisted.Apr 16, 2022 · Turn a Hammer Curl into a Regular Curl by simply turning the palm up as you curl. Similar to Seated Hammer Curls, Seated Dumbbell Curls can be done sitting on a bench as well. Sitting down typically helps keep a more strict range of motion and less twisting and rocking with the upper body (although it’s still easy to cheat reps if you don’t ... The world record dumbbell curl of 200 lbs belongs to YouTuber Kali Muscle. Although he didn’t use strict form for his curls, most people couldn’t physically hold 200 lbs in their hands never mind curl such a weight! Additionally, in the footage of Kali Muscle curling 150 lb dumbbells, you can tell that his form is much better.Dumbbell Curl Workouts for Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced Lifters. There you have it! The seven best types of dumbbell curls to build strength and muscle …The incline dumbbell curl is a variation of the dumbbell curl and an exercise used to build bigger biceps.. The biceps is a tricky (and fun) muscle to target and putting yourself in various degrees of incline can help manipulate the range of motion. This article provides a complete guide to workout routines for men.May 1, 2020 · Place a dumbbell between your feet and lie face down on the bench. Then, lift the dumbbell off the floor so legs are is parallel to the floor. Now, curl the dumbbell up until the top of the dumbbell is pointed at the ceiling. Exhale during this portion of the exercise. Then, slowly lower your legs back down until you feel a slight stretch in ... Keep these tips in mind when bringing hammer curls into your workout routine. 1. Start light. Hutchins recommends starting conservatively. "Start with a weight you can easily use for 10 to 12 reps per side relatively easily, and then progress from there." 2. Play with time under tension.Bowflex SelectTech 2080 Barbell w/ Curl Bar. $599.99. ADD TO CART. Bowflex SelectTech 2080 Weight Upgrade. $159.99. $199.99 *. ADD TO CART. Body Solid Olympic Triceps Bar. $104.99.The dumbbell biceps curl is a single-joint exercise for building bigger and stronger biceps. Popular among gym goers of all experience levels, this move can be done seated or standing. It is generally performed for moderate to high reps, such as 8-12 reps or higher, as part of the arm-focused portion of a workout. The barbell curl is much more effective than the dumbbell curl for gaining strength because you can increase the resistance in more manageable increments. For example, dumbbells usually ascend in 5lb weight jumps, which is a big leap to make (especially on a regular basis) for a muscle group as small as the biceps.The average Dumbbell Curl weight for a male lifter is 52 lb (1RM). This makes you Intermediate on Strength Level and is a very impressive lift. What is a good Dumbbell Curl? Male beginners should aim to lift 14 lb (1RM) which is still impressive compared to the general population.The Zottman curl allows you to attack the forearms—but first, you'll have to perform the concentric portion of the movement. You should follow standard dumbbell biceps curl form: Squeeze your ...The incline dumbbell curl is a great alternative to the waiter curl for those looking to target the outer head of the bicep. The movement involves performing a dumbbell curl on an incline bench, creating an increased range of motion and keeps the outer part of the bicep engaged for longer.The traditional dumbbell curl without forearm rotation addresses the flexing function of the bicep. Rotating your forearm as you curl the dumbbell up invokes ...Seated dumbbell V-tucks x 8 reps. Seated dumbbell twists x 8 reps. V-sit x maximum hold. Start with 8 reps of the V-tucks and twists, then move to a maximum V …Step 2 — Perform the Curl. Credit: Nikolas_jkd / Shutterstock. Keeping your upper arms still, contract your biceps by bending your elbows, and slowly bring the bar upwards and towards your chest ...Find Dumbbell Curl stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection.One-and-a-Half-Rep Alternating Dumbbell Curl The 1.5 (one and a half) alternating dumbbell curls will leverage partial ranges of motion intentionally integrated into your normal technique.The dumbbell supinated curl is probably one of the first exercises most people learn to perform after joining a gym. Although it is one of the basic exercises, few master the lift. Besides helping you build venomous pythons, the dumbbell supinated curl is a functional exercise that can help improve your movement efficiency, muscle …Grab a pair of dumbbells and let them hang at arms length to your sides. Stand upright with a tight torso. Your palms should be facing your body. Slowly curl one arm up to the shoulder. Midway through the curl, rotate the wrist so it faces your body at the top of the movement. Pause for a second and slowly return the dumbbell to the starting ...Pinwheel curls are an effective variation of the hammer curl. Instead of curling the dumbbells forward, you point your hands in, lifting the dumbbells in front of your torso. The exercise is identical to hammer curls, but you can keep the dumbbells closer to your body and lift slightly more weight. Bicep Curl (Dumbbell)In general, however, a supinated 40 lb dumbbell curl is right around the average curl weight for someone with moderately strong biceps. But let’s get into the specifics to learn precisely how impressive a 40 …How to Do Dumbbell Supinated Curls.🔴Learn to make an extra $1-2k per month from our New book for Fit Pros: https://www.riseofthefitpros.com/book159122942241...Dumbbell Curl – How To Video, Alternatives & More. Sign Up. Detailed instructions on how to perform the Dumbbell Curl. Learn what muscle groups are activited, read about pro tips, view necessary equipment and explore tons of alternatives.In general, however, a supinated 40 lb dumbbell curl is right around the average curl weight for someone with moderately strong biceps. But let’s get into the specifics to learn precisely how impressive a 40 …The dumbbell twisting biceps curl is a great curling variation to add size and strength to the biceps and increase the ROM and muscle contraction.This can be...Aug 9, 2023 · Curl the bar by contracting your biceps while bending your elbows. Lift the curl bar to your shoulders. Finish by squeezing your biceps. Coach’s Tip: Drive the backs of your upper arms into the ... Wide dumbbell curls: Dumbbell wide curls is an excellent variation to give you well-defined and shapely shoulders and arms. In this, you are not changing your grip on the dumbbells but rotating your shoulders externally. To do the wide dumbbell curls, stand with your feet a little wider than hip-width distance apart. Nov 26, 2022 · Curl two dumbbells at the same time or use an alternating arm action as preferred. Keep your shoulders down and back throughout. Think about driving your thumbs up to your shoulders for maximal muscle engagement. 4. Power curl . Where cheat curls start with a slight hip hinge, power curls start with a full-on knee bend and the bar resting on ... 4 May 2017 ... Hold your shoulder stationary. Curl the dumbbell upward while contracting the biceps as you breathe out. Only the forearms should move. Continue ...Pinwheel curls are an effective variation of the hammer curl. Instead of curling the dumbbells forward, you point your hands in, lifting the dumbbells in front of your torso. The exercise is identical to hammer curls, but you can keep the dumbbells closer to your body and lift slightly more weight. Bicep Curl (Dumbbell)Dec 31, 2021 · Repeat with your other arm and do 3-5 sets of 10-15 reps per side. 6. Zottman curls. The Zottman curl is one of the best dumbbell curls for building the upper arms and forearms. Unlike some of the other different types of dumbbell curls, Zottman curls train the brachialis and brachioradialis in addition to the biceps. Adjust your bench to a 45- to 60-degree incline. Then: Sit with your back flat against the bench, your abs tight, and the weights by your sides (one in each hand). With your palms facing up, curl ...Alternating Standing Dumbbell Curl Tips. Keep the tension on both of your biceps throughout the set. Do not rest the weights on your body or let them hang down. Keep your body fixed throughout the set. Join over 500k subscribers who get a free weekly email with the latest workouts, expert advice, videos and deals from Muscle & Strength.Like most other curls, you can perform the reverse biceps curl with a barbell, dumbbells, a loadable cambered bar, or even cables. For the purposes of this guide, you’ll be learning the reverse ...👉GRAB our 🔴HOME GYM WORKOUT PLAN🔴 here: https://bit.ly/homegymplan👉 http://eepurl.com/cTlXxf 👈 Subscribe to our newsletter for weekly food recipes, exer...Learn how to do dumbbell bicep curls and get bigger arms at home fast!Get our Fit Father Old School Muscle Building Program here → https://www.fitfatherproje...Dumbbell Curl Benefits. Increased muscle size: Dumbbell curls are a great way to increase muscle size in the biceps. By performing the exercise with proper form and gradually increasing weight or resistance, you can activate more muscle fibers and stimulate muscle growth over time. Improved muscle strength: Dumbbell curls can also help …While holding the upper arm stationary, curl the weights and start twisting the wrists once the dumbbells pass your thighs so that the palms of your hands face ...7 Jun 2023 ... The main difference between a barbell curl and a dumbbell curl is that the barbell curl typically allows the lifter to curl more weight, making ...Oct 27, 2009 · full 12 week push,pull,legs program!- build muscle & strength! - http://goo.gl/x8hel5full 12 week muscle building 4 day split program: http://goo.gl/6alh84tw... Kettlebell curls may provide a slightly stronger muscle contraction than dumbbell curls. Kettlebell curls require more forearm exertion to keep your wrists straight. Dumbbells are easier to supinate and thus may arguably provide a stronger contraction themselves. You can typically lift a bit heavier with dumbbells.Begin with two dumbbells by your side. Contract your first bicep and lift the dumbbell to upper chest height. Turn your wrist while lifting so that your inside hand faces you. Lower the dumbbell back down. Repeat with your other arm. Lower the dumbbell back down to complete the repetition. Oct 27, 2009 · full 12 week push,pull,legs program!- build muscle & strength! - http://goo.gl/x8hel5full 12 week muscle building 4 day split program: http://goo.gl/6alh84tw... 30 Sept 2019 ... While both exercises are bicep mass builders, they are obviously different from each other. Generally speaking, dumbbells are the best option if ...Nov 7, 2023 · Advanced Dumbbell Bicep Workout. At this level, you’ve been training for years, and your newbie gains are a thing of the past. You need a higher training volume and effort to blast through plateaus and get your biceps growing again. Dumbbell curl 4 sets x 6–8 reps. Hammer curl 4 sets x 8–10 reps. A hammer curl is a variation of the biceps curl and targets muscles in the upper and lower arm. While this exercise is almost always performed with a dumbbell, you can also perform it with cables or bands. The hammer curl is a great addition to an upper-body strength routine.Incline Dumbbell Biceps Curl. Arguably the most challenging biceps exercise, the incline dumbbell curl swaps out the preacher curl bench for an adjustable weight bench. Sitting on a bench in the incline position provides a larger range of motion by putting your biceps into an even deeper stretch.According to the book “Mass” by strength coach Dennis B. Weis, a 70-pound barbell curl reflects good health and adequate upper body strength among teenagers and smaller men (6). That’s roughly equal to a 35 pound dumbbell curl. Curling 30 pound dumbbells is good as a milestone, but most men will find that it’s better to aim higher.How to do a Zottman Curl. Grab a pair of light dumbbells and stand tall with your shoulders back, gaze forward, arms to your sides, and palms facing forward. Have your feet hip-width apart with toes pointed slightly out. Take a breath and curl both dumbbells up as you keep your elbows in a stationary plane.Begin with two dumbbells by your side. Contract your first bicep and lift the dumbbell to upper chest height. Turn your wrist while lifting so that your inside hand faces you. Lower the dumbbell back down. Repeat with your other arm. Lower the dumbbell back down to complete the repetition. 1. Seated Dumbbell Curl. The seated dumbbell curl is the most straightforward variation of the classic movement. Instead of standing up while doing curls, you perform the exercise from a seated position. Doing so is beneficial for maintaining proper technique and not swinging your body to lift more weight. 2. Incline Bench Dumbbell Curl If you have short hair and are looking to add some bounce and volume, a soft curl perm can be the perfect solution. This versatile hairstyle can transform your look and give you en...1. Inhale. Take a deep breath in. [12] 2. Lower the dumbbell. Slowly straighten your arm to lower the dumbbell to the starting position, keeping your back straight. [13] Do not simply allow the dumbbell to drop back to your side, as this does not exercise your muscles.The barbell curl is much more effective than the dumbbell curl for gaining strength because you can increase the resistance in more manageable increments. For example, dumbbells usually ascend in 5lb weight jumps, which is a big leap to make (especially on a regular basis) for a muscle group as small as the biceps.Apr 16, 2022 · Turn a Hammer Curl into a Regular Curl by simply turning the palm up as you curl. Similar to Seated Hammer Curls, Seated Dumbbell Curls can be done sitting on a bench as well. Sitting down typically helps keep a more strict range of motion and less twisting and rocking with the upper body (although it’s still easy to cheat reps if you don’t ... Working out the arms with standing dumbbell curls. Learn to increase muscle strength in the arms with dumbbells and curl exercises.Dumbbell preacher curl Instructions. Grab a dumbbell with each arm and place the upper arms on top of the preacher bench or the incline bench. The dumbbell should be held at shoulder length. This will be your starting position. As you breathe in, slowly lower the dumbbells until your upper arm is extended and the biceps is fully stretched.Conclusion. The ideal weight for bicep curls is one that allows you to lift with good form as well as challenge you for the allotted rep range. Moderate-high rep ranges of 8-15 reps are ideal for building bigger biceps. For most novices, 10-20lb dumbbells are a good weight to start lifting for this rep range.1. Inhale. Take a deep breath in. [12] 2. Lower the dumbbell. Slowly straighten your arm to lower the dumbbell to the starting position, keeping your back straight. [13] Do not simply allow the dumbbell to drop back to your side, as this does not exercise your muscles.Use one dumbbell at a time, curl two dumbbells up together, or use an alternating arm action as preferred. Dumbbell reverse curls. Read more about dumbbell reverse curls. 4. EZ bar reverse curls. Some people find doing reverse curls with an EZ bar more comfortable than using a straight bar. An EZ bar has zigzag bends that place …13 Intense Bicep Curl Variations 1. Dumbbell Zottman Curl The Zottman curl provides the benefits of two exercises in one, as it works your forearms and biceps at the same time. Setup: a) Grab a pair of dumbbells with your palms facing forward. b) Assume a standing position with your feet roughly hip width apart. Action:Curl the dumbbell towards your chest, focusing on isolating the biceps. Repeat on the other side. Skull crushers: Lie on a bench, dumbbells in each hand, arms extended straight up.What Is Dumbbell Curls. The Dumbbell bicep curl is a highly recognizable biceps exercise that helps to build bigger and stronger biceps. It’s a good way to make your arm stronger and more defined. The dumbbell curl is known for its ability to isolate and strengthen the biceps, promoting muscle growth, definition, and increased arm strength.Here’s a 20-minute dumbbell forearm workout that I’d use with most of my athletes: Hammer Curl – 3 sets of 10 reps. Bent Over Rows – 3 sets of 12 reps. Zottman Curl – 2 sets of 12 reps. Wrist Curl – 2 sets of 15 reps. Farmer Walks – 3 sets of 40 steps. Bicep Curl – 2 sets of 20 reps. Finger Curls – 2 sets of 10 reps.Also Known As: Dumbbell wrist curl. Targets: Forearms and wrists. Equipment Needed: Dumbbells, bench. Level: Beginner. How to Do a Wrist Curl . Verywell / Ben Goldstein. To get started, you need handheld weights like dumbbells or even a weighted barbell. If you are new to exercise, start with lighter weights to prevent injury.Dumbbell Curl Workouts for Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced Lifters. There you have it! The seven best types of dumbbell curls to build strength and muscle …

Here’s a 20-minute dumbbell forearm workout that I’d use with most of my athletes: Hammer Curl – 3 sets of 10 reps. Bent Over Rows – 3 sets of 12 reps. Zottman Curl – 2 sets of 12 reps. Wrist Curl – 2 sets of 15 reps. Farmer Walks – 3 sets of 40 steps. Bicep Curl – 2 sets of 20 reps. Finger Curls – 2 sets of 10 reps.. Wbfs manager download

curl dumbbell

Set your bench to an incline of 45 to 60 degrees. Sit with your back against the bench, abs taut, and weights by your sides (one in each hand). Curl the dumbbells until they reach your shoulders, palms facing up. Maintain a complete contraction. Squeeze your biceps at the apex of the exercise.Dumbbell Curl Workouts for Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced Lifters. There you have it! The seven best types of dumbbell curls to build strength and muscle …Jan 7, 2024 · Dumbbell Curl is a biceps exercise that only requires grip strength and two dumbbells. Proper form refers to a motion that involves a complete range of motion and a proper posture. How to do a dumbbell curl To achieve proper form, stand tall, holding a dumbbell in each hand, arms at your side, and palms facing forward. How to do a dead curl press. Load some weight onto a barbell. Stand behind the bar so that your shins are almost touching the barbell. Grab the bar with a shoulder-width underhand grip. Get in the deadlift position by pushing your hips backward while keeping your back flat. Push through your feet to lift the bar off the floor.Bending at the knees only, slowly curl the dumbbell up towards your buttocks. Raise the dumbbell as far as comfortably possible or just past 90 degrees. Pause for a moment and then lower the dumbbell in a controlled manner back to …There are over 7 variations of dumbbell bicep curl that you can do to build muscle. Click the links below for a complete guide on each of the different types of …The technique is the same for both variations. Grab a dumbbell with a neutral grip and then sit on a preacher curl station. Brace the arm that’s holding the weight against the preacher pad. Your triceps should be pressed against the padding. Hold onto the top of the pad with your spare arm for extra stability.How to: Lying Leg Curl With a Dumbbell at Home. Part of the series: LS - Workout Advice. Good hamstrings make for stronger knees and we all want strong knees...Flex your elbows, contract your biceps, and curl the weights towards the top of your shoulder/collar bone. When you get to the top of the supinated EZ bar curl slowly lower the EZ bar back to the start position. Repeat this movement for your desired number of reps. Front view of supinated EZ bar curl.All this talk of curling 100 pound dumbbells might make you feel weak if you can “only” curl 100 lbs with a barbell. The truth is that a strict 100 lb barbell curl is actually a very impressive lift, especially if you can do more than 5 reps (more than 10 reps is amazing).. The biceps, after all, are a relatively small muscle group, so curling 100 lbs …Alternating Standing Dumbbell Curl Tips. Keep the tension on both of your biceps throughout the set. Do not rest the weights on your body or let them hang down. Keep your body fixed throughout the set. Join over 500k subscribers who get a free weekly email with the latest workouts, expert advice, videos and deals from Muscle & Strength. Aug 22, 2012 · Full Playlist - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAE99D5078C75964D--Like these Arm Workout Tutorials !!! Check out the official app http://apple.co/1l7... Bending at the knees only, slowly curl the dumbbell up towards your buttocks. Raise the dumbbell as far as comfortably possible or just past 90 degrees. Pause for a moment and then lower the dumbbell in a controlled manner back to …Aug 9, 2023 · One-and-a-Half-Rep Alternating Dumbbell Curl The 1.5 (one and a half) alternating dumbbell curls will leverage partial ranges of motion intentionally integrated into your normal technique. .

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